How To Socialize Your Puppy

To socialize your puppy you will need to introduce them to a variety of places, people, vehicles and objects before they hit a few months old.

Puppy socialization is the process of familiarizing your new dog to a variety of experiences and scenarios that he might encounter as an adult. It is an important process, which will help your small puppy to grow into a confident and friendly dog.

We all want a happy, friendly puppy. A well socialized dog greets everyone and everything you might come across with confidence. Fearful dogs are unhappy dogs, who are more likely to be aggressive as a result of their worries.

• The puppy socialization period.
• Puppy socialization before and after vaccination.
• How to socialize your puppy?
• Your puppy socialization checklist.

To give your puppy the best chance of developing into an outgoing and cheerful dog, you will need to spend some time on puppy socialization during the first few weeks that he is with your family.

I’ll share what puppy socialization is and how to socialize your puppy. Giving you lots of helpful information on how to make the best use of your puppy socialization period, puppy socialization classes, and providing with a handy puppy socialization checklist.

When Should You Socialize Your Puppy?

The window for puppy socialization is very small.  It is closing fast at fourteen weeks of age and is almost certainly closed by the sixteenth week.  You need to act fast.

What Is The Puppy Socialization Period?

The ideal puppy socialization period is between 8 and 16 weeks go age. During this age your puppy has what is known as a socialization window. A period of time when they have little fear of new experiences and will widely accept anyone new.

This window closes because your puppies ancestors would need to become wary of strange experiences in order to stay safe.

Why Does The Puppy Socialization Window Close?

In the wild, our dogs’ ancestors inhabited a dangerous and uncertain world. If small puppies went wandering about in the vicinity of larger predators they wouldn’t last very long. Once they leave the safety of their den and venture out in the wider world, puppies need to keep away from strange and potentially dangerous objects, animals and experiences. Nature ensures that they do this by providing an instinctive nervousness of novelty. Most wild animals have this neophobia to a greater or lesser extent.

Making The Most of Your Puppy’s Socialization Period

If your puppy is kept shut away from people, cars, dogs and other trappings of the modern world until the socialization period has ended, he will most likely be a fearful dog. He may be very fearful indeed. Such dogs can be helped, but it is a longer and slower process. If your dog is an adult requiring further socialization, check out our Socializing An Adult Dog article.

Of course most puppies are not shut away like this. They are raised within a family and grow to accept many new experiences. Using the window of socialization means that for a few weeks after bringing your puppy home, you will need to arrange your life in a way that ensures your puppy is exposed to all sorts of people and places.

How To Socialize Your Puppy

Your objective is to expose your dog to a wide variety of normal everyday occurrences that he would not be exposed to if he spent his first sixteen weeks alone at home with you. The easiest way to achieve this is to list the main categories for socialization, and ‘check off’ as each one is encountered and accepted by the puppy. Some things, which he finds scary, will need to be revisited until he is comfortable with them.

Socialization can be divided into two phases:  pre-vaccination, and post-vaccination. You should work through all the categories possible in the pre-vaccination phase with the puppy in your arms and then repeat the procedure with the puppy on the lead during the post-vaccination phase

Pre-Vaccination Puppy Socialization

Until your puppy’s vaccinations are fully effective, you will need to keep him away from other dogs whose vaccination status is unknown.  You will also need to keep him away from anywhere that such a dog may have used as a toilet.   Your puppy will therefore need to be carried in your arms in any public area. To find out more about when it’s okay to let your puppy out on ground level, check out our When Can I Take My Puppy Out article here.

Unfortunately the countryside is also hazardous as foxes and rats can carry fatal diseases, from which your puppy needs protection.  Therefore, the rule is carry him, until his vaccine status is at maximum. Your vet will tell you exactly when this is, but usually it is one week after his final vaccination at about 12 weeks old.   As you can see this leaves very little time for the post-vaccination socialization phase.

This is an important time to get your puppy used to car travel as you will be going out and about with him frequently.   Don’t worry if he is sick for the first few journeys.  Simply avoid travelling after a meal and the sickness will normally pass within a few days.  Check with your vet if carsickness persists or you are concerned.

Post-Vaccination Puppy Socialization

When at last you can put your puppy down on the ground in public places and in the countryside, you will have a busy two weeks ahead of you.  In this phase you need to take your puppy out and about to as many different locations as you can before the critical window closes.

Puppy Socialization Guide

These are the main categories to which you should socialize your puppy.  Some of the categories overlap so that you can ‘kill two birds with one stone’.  If you can make a real effort to ensure that your dog is comfortable in each category, he is highly likely to grow up confident and friendly no matter where he finds himself in later life.

• People
• Vehicles
• Locations
• Animals

Print out a copy of this puppy socialization checklist and keep a tally of the occasions that he comes across any of these

Puppy Socialization Checklist

Your puppy socialization checklist is separated into two columns. One for before he has finished his course of vaccinations, and another for afterwards. Print out your checklist and stick it to your fridge. On each occasion that your puppy encounters one of the described scenarios, put a tally into the relevant box.

Try and have ten tallies for each item, in each column, by the time your puppy is 16 weeks old. The tally must be based on number of occasions, rather than the number of people met in one occasion. For example, you must meet babies on ten different days, not ten different babies at one event, in order for your pup to become familiar with them.

You can however encounter several of the items during one occasion. So each time you go into town, you might be able to put a tally mark under bus, train, car and motorbike when you get home. If you have any questions about using your checklist, please pop them into the comments box at the bottom of this article so that we can answer them for you.

How to Socialize Your Puppy to People

It is very important to ensure that your dog is well socialized to all different kinds of strange people.  Just because your puppy has met lots of your adult friends, does not mean he is well socialized. He needs to meet people of different sizes and of both sexes, people in a variety of different clothing (uniforms, casual clothes, reflective gear, motorcycle helmets etc).

Most importantly of all, he needs to meet children of different ages.  Very small children move differently and sound different from older children and adults and they also behave unpredictably.  Make sure your puppy is not nervous of children of any age.

Socializing Your Puppy To Vehicles

Lorries and buses, cars and trains, bicycles and clanking dustbin lorries, noisy tractors and motorbikes.  Your dog should be comfortable in their presence.  A town centre will expose your pup to most of these things in one go.

How to Socialize Your Puppy To Different Locations

Standing outside your local supermarket with your puppy in your arms will quickly introduce him to a wide variety of people.  Labrador puppies are ‘people magnets’, and you will be surrounded by admirers within minutes. Visit your local school gates at the end of the school day and he will meet lots of children.

A trip to the railway station is also an interesting and useful experience for the puppy.  The high street of a busy town should be included, and if it is summer, you will be able to take the pup to some summer fairs or shows. In the countryside, you can visit fields and wood, rivers and ponds.  He will learn to clamber through mud and leaves, heather and bracken.

Try to explore different types of terrain and unless it is very cold, introduce your pup to splashing about in water.  Puddles first, then shallow streams and ponds.  Getting him swimming about happily now will stand him in good stead later.    Most of this will need to take place post-vaccination.

How to Socialize Your Puppy To Animals

If you have opportunity, you can introduce your puppy to livestock in a very controlled manner.  He can look at some cows or horses from your arms.  The objective is not to train him to behave amongst them, that comes later, this is just to ensure that he is not afraid of them.

Most important of all is your dog’s ability to get along with other dogs.  Although dog-to-dog socialization is very important, it is also important for you to remember that you cannot predict the behavior of other people’s dogs.

Don’t be in too much of a hurry to introduce your puppy to stranger’s dogs, as a bad experience can have long lasting effects.  If you have a friend with a very friendly, not too bouncy, vaccinated adult dog, then introduce them by all means but supervise closely.  Even the nicest adult dogs can find other people’s puppies a ‘bit much’.

Maintaining Puppy Socialization

Once the ‘window’ for socialization is over, your puppy will become more reserved about engaging in new activities.   Working your way through the categories above will ensure that he will be able to cope with most of the normal events that life throws at him.

Do keep taking him out and about and revisit some of the above scenarios occasionally.  The will help to keep him confident and unafraid, and set him up for a happy life as a balanced canine citizen.

Why Is Puppy Socialization Important?

You might think it doesn’t really matter if your rural Labrador is scared of trains, or a city dog is scared of cows. So why bother to go to the effort of socializing him to them?

Socialization is not a simple process. It’s not a case of just exposing your dog only to those things he is likely to meet locally. It has a knock on effect. The more things your dog is exposed to during the window for socialization, the more robust he will become emotionally and the better he will cope when he does meet something new. Which he inevitably will. Poorly socialized dogs are likely to be fearful of many things, not just the ones that you don’t think matter. And what is more important, poorly socialized dogs can be dangerous.

Puppy Socialization Can Prevent Dangerous Dogs Developing

Many of our dogs are powerful animals with try strong jaws. A ten week old raw fed Labrador puppy can crunch and crush bones the thickness of your finger in less than a minute. Just think what she would be potentially capable of as an adult. Most dogs have the potential to harm people and a few have the potential to kill. Yet most dogs live among us peacefully and never bite anyone.

The reason that normal healthy dogs do not bite people is because they are socialized. And the reason behind many if not most dog bites is poor socialization.

Puppy Socialization And Temperament

There is no doubt that the deliberate socialization experiences provided for your puppy are not the only factor in averting fearfulness in adult dogs. To some extent, natural fearfulness has been diminished in some of our domestic dog breeds through selective breeding. You cannot however assume that because you have a Labrador that you don’t need to bother to socialize him.

Individuals within a breed vary greatly and the breed of a dog is an indicator rather than a guarantee of likely temperament. It is fair to say some dogs need the minimum of deliberate socialization to grow up to be confident and friendly. Whereas other dogs need a great deal of deliberate and intense socialization in order to be great canine citizens. But you have no way of knowing which category your puppy will fall into until it’s too late.

Puppy Socialization Is Important

Because you can’t know what personality your puppy will grow up to have, then it’s essential that you grab the opportunity to use the puppy socialization window to the best of your abilities. It may be difficult, and it may be inconvenient to you, but you need to throw yourself into socializing your puppy from the moment he arrives in your home.

Aggression in dogs is primarily triggered by fear. If we remove the fear in most cases we remove the aggression. We do not want our dogs to fear strangers, new events or different locations. We want our dogs to view the whole of the human world as their home, a place of safety.

Puppy socialization helps to give you the dog you want to share your life with. A dog that has a wealth of experiences to match against new ones. Who knows that people of all shapes and sizes are not a threat, and treats the world as one big happy playground. It takes a little time and commitment, but it is worth every moment you spend on the process.